γ射线诱发大鼠胚胎细胞转化与N－ras的激活

以γ射线诱发转化的大鼠胚胎细胞(REC:myc:γ33)的DNA构建粘粒基因库,用总基因库DNA转染NIH/3T3细胞,产生转化灶的DNA作二轮转染,二轮转化的NIH/3T3细胞内有大鼠REC:myc:γ33DNA中具转化活性的N-ras基因,用不对称PCR和DNA序列分析法证明,REC:myc:γ33细胞中鼠N-ras的活化是由于第61位密码子的A→G点突变.NIH/3T3转化灶中鼠N-ras也有同样点突变,但NIH/3T3细胞的内源性N-ras基因则无此突变.     

沈阳西部污灌水中有机污染物的分析

沈阳西部污灌水中有机污染物的分析刘海玲,张丽珊,姚家彪,于殿臣,朱岩,可夫,姜萍（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＯｒｇａｎｉｃＰｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎＩｒｒｉｇａｔｅｄｓｅｗａｇｅＩｎＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＳｈｅｎｙａｎｇ．...     

HLA-DP/DR interaction in early onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis

We investigated the polymorphic second exon of the HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DRB1 genes, using in vitro DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and oligonucleotide hybridization in 136 patients with early onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis (EOPA-JCA) and 199 healthy controls. The analysis of the HLA-DRB1 system revealed that most of the DRB1 alleles are not indifferent with respect to susceptibility to EOPA-JCA. There is a hierarchy of susceptible (DRB1*08, DR5), permissive (DRB1*01), moderately protective (DR2, DRB1*04), and protective (DRB1*07) alleles. In contrast, no hierarchy could be shown for the HLA-DPB1 system. DPB1*0201 was found to be susceptible. The relatively frequent alleles DPB1*0402 and DPB1*0401 seem to be indifferent. The associations with DPB1*0201, DR5, and DRB1*08 are independent of each other: that is to say they, are not brought about by linkage disequilibrium. The susceptible alleles DPB1*0201 and DR5 show evidence for interaction in the pathogenesis of EOPA-JCA. Interaction seems likely between DPB1*0201 and DRB1*08, DR5 and DRB1*08, or between DR6 and DRB1*08. The strongest interaction exists between DPB1*0201 and a common DQ factor associated with both DR5 and DRB1*08. Finally, we observed a hierarchy among the various marker combinations, where the risk of developing EOPA-JCA increases with the number of associated markers present in an individual.This work was supported by SFB217.The data presented here are part of the doctoral thesis of C. Paul.     

Polymorphism of the DQA1 promoter region (QAP) and DRB1, QAP,DQA1, DQB1 haplotypes in systemic lupus erythematosus

We have investigated the DNA polymorphism for the DQA1 promoter region (QAP) and HLA-class II DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 genes in 178 central European patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using polymerase chain reaction and Dig-ddUTP labeled oligonucleotides. Increased frequencies of DRB1*02 and *03 are confirmed by DNA typing. In addition, the frequencies of DQA1*0501, *0102 and DQB1*0201, *0602 alleles are increased in the patients as compared to controls. The strongest association to SLE is found with DRB1*03 and DQB1*0201 alleles (p<10^–7, p corr. <10^–5 and p<10^–6, p corr. <10^–4, respectively). By investigating the DQA1 promoter region in the SLE patients we have detected nine different QAP variants. Increased frequencies of QAP1.2 and QAP4.1 are observed in patients as compared to controls (p <0.05, p corr. = n. s.). Analysis of linkage disquilibria demonstrates a very strong association between QAP variants and DQA1, DRB1 alleles. Certain QAP variants are completely associated with DQA1 and DRB1 alleles, whereas others can combine with different DQA1 and DRB1 alleles. All DRB1*02-positive patients and controls carry QAP1.2, and all DRB1*03-positive patients and controls carry QAP4.1. Conversely, the QAP1.2 variant appears only in DRB1*02 haplotypes, while the QAP4.1 variant can be observed in DRB1*03, *11, and *1303 haplotypes. Based on the strong linkage disequilibria between DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 genes and between DRB1-QAP-DQA1, we have deduced the four-point haplotypes for DRB1-QAP-DQA1-DQB1 in patients and controls. Two haplotypes DRB1*02-QAP1.2-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602-and DRB1*03-QAP4.1-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 are significantly increased in patient as compared to controls (p<0.01, p corr. = n.s., RR = 1.8 and p <10^–7, p corr. <10^–5, RR = 3.1, respectively). The analysis of relative risks attributed to the various alleles of QAP, DQA1, and DQB1 as well as the investigation of the deduced DRB1-QAP-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes leads to the conclusion that QAP4.1 and DQA1*0501 on the DR3 haplotypes are probably not involved in SLE susceptibility. There is no evidence for the involvement of DQ2 / dimers coded in transposition. Thus, susceptibility to SLE is on the DR3 haplotype most probably localized at DRB1 or telomeric of DRB1, while for the DR2 haplotype such orientation cannot be given. SLE study group members: M. Baur, A. Corvetta, H. Ehrfeld, J. Frey, J. R. Kalden, F. Krapf, B. Lang, G. G. Lange, K. Pirner, C. Rittner, E. Röther, P. Schneider, H. P. Seelig, S. Seuchter, W. Stangel, C. Specker, P. Späth, H. Deicher. Correspondence to: Z. Yao.     

Plant regeneration from callus and explants of Sesbania spp.

Root, hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of Sesbania bispinosa, Sesbania cannabina, Sesbania formosa, and Sesbania sesban were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with benzyladenine (BA; 2.22, 4.44, 8.88 M) in combination with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d; 2.26, 4.52, 9.05 M), indolebutyric acid (IBA; 0.25, 0.49, 4.92 M) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 2.69, 5.37, 10.74 M). Although all explant types developed some callus, callus occurred earliest and continued to grow fastest with hypocotyls. Media including 2.4-d or NAA gave the fastest growing callus. Callus was subcultured up to 10 times at 20-day intervals and retained a rapid growth rate. Shoots regenerated readily from both hypocotyls or cotyledons but not from roots. Shoot organogenesis was most frequent with IBA (0.25–4.92 M) in combination with BA (4.44–8.88 M) and did not occur with 2,4-d. With each species at least one medium induced shoot differentiation from more than 50 percent of the callus pieces. With one exception, media containing IBA that induced shoot organogenesis on explants also did so in callus, but media containing NAA, even when effective with explants, did not cause differentiation of callus. Shoots that differentiated were excised and cultured on MS medium without growth regulators or with IBA (2.46, 4.92, 9.84 M). Roots developed after 3–8 days on an appropriate rooting medium, often without IBA. Rooted plantlets were transplanted to pots in a greenhouse and developed into normal plants. Suitable media and protocols for initiating and subculturing callus and regenerating whole plants in vitro from callus and explants have thus been established for four species of Sesbania.     

RGDS肽对大鼠主动脉球囊内膜剥脱后血管壁增殖的影响

在大鼠主动脉球囊内膜剥脱术后血管壁细胞过度增殖模型上,用合成的血小板膜纤维蛋白原受体（ｇｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎⅡｂ／Ⅲａｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ,ＧＰⅡｂ／Ⅲａ）拮抗剂ＲＧＤＳ（Ａｒｇ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｓｐ－Ｓｅｒ,５０μｍｏｌ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）治疗可有效地抑制损伤血管壁的细胞计数增加和内膜增厚以及血管平滑肌细胞增殖,显著降低其血管组织３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ和３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕ的参入增加程度。实验结果提示ＲＧＤＳ肽作为血管成型术的辅佐剂,对于防治血管再狭窄可能具有潜在的临床应用前景。     

抗栓剂与葡萄糖经紫外线氧透照治疗缺血性脑血管病探讨〔附70例分组疗效对比分析〕

本研究以清栓酶、川芎嗪为抗栓剂加入葡萄糖中,经紫外线氧透照仪照射后输入静脉,治疗缺血性脑血管病,并与单用抗栓剂组作对照,进行疗效对比,结果发现抗栓剂加紫外线氧透照组的显效率显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。说明经紫外线氧透照后的葡萄糖作为载体,有分解出氧原子以提高血氧含量改善脑组织的缺氧状态,并有激活清栓酶和川芎嗪的效应。     

用人工神经网络方法估计Ligistic方程参数

本文提出Logistic方程参数优化估计的人工神经网络方法,并选取一组标样进行具体尝试。结果表明,用这种方法估计Logistic方程参数效果极好。     

醋酸钙复盐对微生物生长的影响

应用四醋酸钙对黑曲霉、黄曲霉、米曲霉、链格孢霉等霉菌和大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌生长影响作了研究,并将四醋酸钙与醋酸钙、苯甲酸钠对上述微生物的生长抑制作用加以比较。0.4％四醋酸钙对上述细菌的生长有明显的抑制作用。对上述霉菌生长亦有一定的抑制作用。当其与苯甲酸钠协同使用时,能更明显地抑制微生物生长。实验结果表明四醋酸钙很可能是一种安全性高、成本低的新型食品防腐剂。     

地高辛标记反意RNA探针检测脑组织切片生长抑素mRNA

本实验采用含大鼠生长抑素基因的ｐＳＰ６５ｃＤＮＡ质位通过转化至噬菌体内大量扩增,经提取,纯化后,用限制性内切酶进行酶切使质枝线性化,并将其作为模板,用地高辛（ＤｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎＤｉｇ）作为标记物,体外转录合成生长抑素反意ＲＮＡ（ｃＲＮＡ）探针。实验动物选用ｗｉｓｔａｒ新生大鼠。冰冻切片,端、间脑切片经杂交前用Ｄｉｇ－ＵＴＰ标记的ｃＲＮＡ探针杂交,杂交后用抗Ｄｉｇ－碱性磷酸酶复合物进行酶联免疫反应。Ｘ－磷酸盐－ＮＢＴ显色。结果显示新生大鼠脑内生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ神经元着紫蓝色。杂交反应物集中于核周的胞浆及短小的突起内。胞核不着色。胞体轮廓清晰,周围背底浅淡。结果表明Ｄｉｇ标记ｃＲＮＡ探针不仅具备非同位素标记探针的优点而且能快速和准确检测组织细胞内ｍＲＮＡ的表达。